Causes
Male factor infertility
A third of cases, and often treatable.
A semen analysis looks at volume, count, movement and shape. WHO 2021 lower reference values include a concentration of 16 million per mL, 30% progressive movement and 4% normal forms. One abnormal result is always repeated after about three months.
- Varicocele, infection and hormone problems can be treated
- Smoking, heat and some medications lower quality
- Severe cases are treated with ICSI
- Sperm can be retrieved surgically when none is in the sample
Sources: World Health Organization (WHO) · NICE fertility guideline (CG156)
This guide is general education about fertility treatment, not medical advice for your own case. Your consultant will plan your treatment from your history, results and examination.
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